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Pittosporum terminalioides

Planch. ex A.Gray (1854)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Pittosporaceae Genus: Pittosporum

hā‘awa [haawa], hō‘awa [hoawa]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees 4–6 m tall, young parts gray to pale brown or reddish brown tomentose, rarely glabrous.

Stems: Branches glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, densely clustered toward the ends of the branches. Blades spatulate to obovate or elliptic–obovate, (3.2–)6.5–15 (–17) cm long, (1–)2–4(–5.6) cm wide. Apex obtuse to rounded, occasionally acute or short-acuminate. Base attenuate. Surfaces dull; upper surfaces with slightly impressed veins, usually densely reddish brown tomentose when very young, soon glabrate; lower surfaces with prominent raised veins, densely reddish brown to brown or rarely gray tomentose, rarely glabrate, usually strongly revolute; blades, coriaceous to thick and chartaceous. Margins entire. Lateral veins 10–17 pairs. Petioles (0.5–)1–2.5(–2.8) cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences gray to pale brown or reddish brown tomentose, rarely glabrous. peduncles (1–)8–60 mm long, pedicels (1–)3–13 mm long, bracts subulate, 1–6 mm long. Flowers unisexual, usually 6–12 in axillary (just below the leaves), simple, corymbose inflorescences. Calyx cup-shaped, sepals 5, distinct, lanceolate to ovate, 2–4 mm long, densely pale brown tomentose, margins ciliate, apex acute to acuminate. Corolla of 5 petals, cream, 12–14 mm long. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, distinct; filaments ca. 7 mm long, those of pistillate flowers ca. 5 mm long; fertile anthers ca. 3 mm long, those of pistillate flowers ca. 2 mm long. Ovary superior, 2(3)-carpellate, 2–3-celled, on a short gynophore, placentation parietal; ovules numerous, in 2 rows per placenta; style 1; stigma capitate.

Fruit: Capsules broadly ovoid to oblong–ovoid; strongly compressed; 19–25(–30) mm long; usually densely pale brown to brown tomentose; ± eventually glabrate; apex emarginate to rounded; the usually persistent style ca. 5–6 mm long; the valves with woody exocarp 1.5–4 mm thick; with a median furrow; the surface smooth to rugulose–roughened; seed mass nearly filling the capsules volume. Seeds ca. 50; reddish black; irregularly angled and compressed; 4–6.5 mm long.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Dry to mesic forest; sometimes in subalpine woodland.

Elevation Range: 300–2,010 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 1: 231 (1854)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1047 (L, M, H); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Munro 4 BISH (L†, 1927); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Wood 5975 US (M†, 1997)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pittosporum terminalioides Forest between Kipuka Waiakea and Keawewai Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 963 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-27
2 Pittosporum terminalioides Paomai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 428 Lanai BISH 1914-04-18
3 Pittosporum terminalioides East Maui, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8669 Maui BISH 1910-11-01
4 Pittosporum terminalioides Honehone, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 153 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-15
5 Pittosporum terminalioides Manuka, S Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10076 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-01
6 Pittosporum terminalioides East Maui, Kaupo, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8681 Maui BISH 1910-11-01
7 Pittosporum terminalioides Kapapala, Kau Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 431 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
8 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau Desert Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 386 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-02
9 Pittosporum terminalioides Near the flow of 1899 Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 815 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-12
10 Pittosporum terminalioides Kapapala, Kau Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 431 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
11 Pittosporum terminalioides East Maui, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8669 Maui BISH 1910-11-01
12 Pittosporum terminalioides West Maui, Iao Valley Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 791 Maui BISH 1922-10-11
13 Pittosporum terminalioides Ainahou Ranch, above Nene pens Preserved_Specimen Zimmer, C. Hawaii BISH 1975-05-01
14 Pittosporum terminalioides Hilea, Kau Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1927-06-01
15 Pittosporum terminalioides Lava flows below Riaukau (?) Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
16 Pittosporum terminalioides Hawaii or Maui ? Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. BISH 1911-06-29
17 Pittosporum terminalioides Maui Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Maui BISH 1913-01-01
18 Pittosporum terminalioides 8 mi from turnoff to Kona Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-23
19 Pittosporum terminalioides Kahuku, Kau Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1927-09-01
20 Pittosporum terminalioides Hawaii ? Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
21 Pittosporum terminalioides unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
22 Pittosporum terminalioides Mauna Loa Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition Hawaii BISH
23 Pittosporum terminalioides Maui Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH
24 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau aa flow Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 27508 Hawaii BISH 1959-03-23
25 Pittosporum terminalioides S. Hilo Dist.; Waiakea Ahu. Tr 26(22); N side of kipuka surrounded by 1852 flow, Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve Wet `ohi`a forest w/other native trees, a treefern & native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 5 cm bd; 4 m tall; green & mature frts; lvs pubescent. Warshauer, F.R. 1611 Hawaii BISH 1977-12-10
26 Pittosporum terminalioides Keauhou Ranch. Location Cr. 19k 100 In open Metrosideros native scrub with Styphelia, Dodonaea, and Stenogyne. Substrate pahoehoe. Preserved_Specimen Tree 12' height, base 3 1/2, spread 15' x 10'. Not flowering. Clarke, G. 80.301 Hawaii BISH 1980-02-28
27 Pittosporum terminalioides Hawaii National Park; Mauna Loa, halfway from trail to aa flow Under `ohi`a trees. Preserved_Specimen 2 trees (12' high, 4 diam, smooth bark); flwrs terminal & axillary, 5-parted tubular, cream color. Fagerlund, G.O. 760 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-12
28 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau desert region, along Volcano-Kona Highway at Naalehu end of Hawaii Volcano National Park On aa lava flow; with Dodonara viscosa (=D. eriocarpa), Styphelia tameiaeiae, Santalum paniculatum Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft, onlt few individuals seen; foliage gray-green; fruits grey-green almost blue in aspect Carlquist, S. 2248 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-02
29 Pittosporum terminalioides N Kona Distr., Keauhou 2 Ahu. Tr 57(106); NW slopes of Mauna Loa, 4-6 km N & 4 km W of Puu Lehua Mesic `ohi`a forest with other native trees and native shrub-exotic grass and shrub u/s.; Growing on rough pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen 15 cm Bd; 4 m. tall Warshauer, F.R. 1846 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-17
30 Pittosporum terminalioides Puuwaawaa In small gulch on rough a`a; assoc. w/fountain grass, `ohi`a, Mysine Preserved_Specimen 1' diam., 2.5 m tall; many shoots at base, no central one. Montgomery, S.L. 47 Hawaii BISH 1971-07-06
31 Pittosporum terminalioides N. Kona Dist.; Puuwaawaa Ahu. Tr 47(55/56); N slope of Hualalai on Puuwaawaa Mesic native tree community w/scattered exotic trees & exotic grass-shrub understory. Ground rooted; semi-shade. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 4 cm dbh, 4 m tall. Jacobi, J.D. 1179 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-09
32 Pittosporum terminalioides Hokukano arid aa lava flow Preserved_Specimen 8' tree, straggly, spreading Degener, O. 19331 Maui BISH 1948-12-27
33 Pittosporum terminalioides Ahupuaa , North Kohala. Occuring on the lower part of the ridge that separates the east and west branches of the valley. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Psidium guajava, Diospyros sandwicensis, Psycotria hawaiiensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum. Abundant in area. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to small trees. Glabrous leavees terminally arranged. Fruit terminal or along branches, glabrous or slighly pubescent, rugulose. VanDeMark, J. 64 Hawaii BISH 2023-09-27
34 Pittosporum terminalioides Keauhou Ranch, (Cr-2), Kau district, near powerline trail in kipuka on Keamoku lava flow In kipuka on lava flow. Open Metrosideros forest in pahoehoe substrate. Preserved_Specimen Small tree, approx. 12 ft. tall. Fruit mostly unripe with rough exterior. ESP Field Crew 111 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-17
35 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau District, Kilauea Forest In closed canopy Metrosideros forest with dense Styphelia and other native shrubs and trees comprising the understory. Substrate `a`a. Preserved_Specimen Rare tree, 20' tall. Numerous branches, spread at least 20', basal diameter 6. Fruit immature, green. Seedlings 2' tall nearby. Davis, J. 463 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-24
36 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau Forest Reserve, near boundary of Kapapala Forest Reserve Open Metrosideros - Acacia forest, understory of Myoporum, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Ilex, and large shrubs of Styphelia and Vaccinium. Preserved_Specimen Rare tree in this forest; 10' tall and leaning, 5' spread, basal diam. 2. Flowers white. No fruit present. Davis, J. 661 Hawaii BISH 1982-01-20
37 Pittosporum terminalioides Outside of front office of Hawaii Division of Forestry, Hilo Planted outside of front office. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Flowers white. Cuddihy, L.W. 97 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-07
38 Pittosporum terminalioides S Kona lava flows Preserved_Specimen 15' tree Rock, J.F.C. 27510 Hawaii BISH 1959-03-23
39 Pittosporum terminalioides Kapapala Ranch Few scattered Preserved_Specimen 12 ft high tree; green fruit pale blue-green, ripe apricot color Greenwell, A.B.H. 20708 Hawaii BISH 1950-08-20
40 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau-Kona Road Dry land along road Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 619 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-21
41 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau lava flows a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25634 Hawaii BISH 1956-12-01
42 Pittosporum terminalioides kipuka near the 1852 aa flow, upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Growing in an open Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen A tree, 8' tall, 1 basal diameter, 5' spread, of rare occurance, in excellent health. One juvenile, 3' in height, nearby. Clarke, G. 584 Hawaii BISH 1981-03-10
43 Pittosporum terminalioides at 42 mile milepost, Kau Ohia lehua forest with deep, windblown earth Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30834 Hawaii BISH 1966-05-12
44 Pittosporum terminalioides Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, on Keamoku Flow, near powerline trail Growing in kipuka of open ohia forest near trail. Preserved_Specimen Small tree. ESP Field Crew 111 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-17
45 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau, Kiolakaa Homestead Addition Occasional tree in open forest of Metrosideros, Cibotium, Myrsine, Antidesma, Ilex, Psychotria, and Clermontia coerulea. Preserved_Specimen Height 25', spread 20', basal diameter 6. In full bloom, flowers creamy white, fragrant. few fruit green, immature. 6 seeds. Davis, J. 497 Hawaii BISH 1981-05-27
46 Pittosporum terminalioides N Kona Distr. Puuanahulu Ahu. Tr 43(20); 2 km E of Kipuka Kalawamauna & NW of Anahulu 2 benchmark 5520 Dry `ohi`a forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory.; Growing on `a`a/pahoehoe substrate Preserved_Specimen 18 cm. Dbh; 4 m tall Warshauer, F.R. 1884 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-25
47 Pittosporum terminalioides Manuka, kau Dist on bare aa lava Preserved_Specimen tree 7 m. X 1 dm: lvs. subcoriaceous, below tawny St.John, H. 22444 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-27
48 Pittosporum terminalioides S. Kona; between Kau & Honomalino on a`a lava flows. Preserved_Specimen Handsome tree 20' high. Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-01
49 Pittosporum terminalioides Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Growing in closed `ohi`a forest on edge of bog. Preserved_Specimen Small tree about 8' tall. Flowers in bud, green. Cuddihy, L.W. 793 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
50 Pittosporum terminalioides N. Kona Dist.; Puu Anahula Ahu. Tr 53(16); E slopes of Hualalai, 4 km NE of Puu Mailehahei, 6 km E of Puu Nahaha Dry `ohi`a forest w/mixed native trees & native exotic grass-shrub understory. In open. Preserved_Specimen 4 cm bd; 2.5 m tall. Flwrs from neighbouring shaded trees. Warshauer, F.R. 2053 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-11
51 Pittosporum terminalioides S. Kona; Milolii, near Kahuku Ranch, near 1907 flow Along roadside, in open `ohi`a-lehua forest on a`a flow. Preserved_Specimen Small tree abundantly fruiting. Stone, B.C. 3094 Hawaii BISH 1959-08-13
52 Pittosporum terminalioides Manuka Mauka Wooded kipuka, on aa lava. Preserved_Specimen Leaves closely matching those of type of var. St.John, H. 11341 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-26
53 Pittosporum terminalioides Outside front office of Hawaii Div. of Forestry, Hilo Preserved_Specimen Shrubby, small tree. Flowers white. Cuddihy, L.W. 98 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-07
54 Pittosporum terminalioides N Kona Distr. Puuwaawaa Ahu. Tr 47 (7/8); N slope of Hualalai; 1 km E of Kileo & Potato Hill Dry exotic grassland with some native shrubs, scattered `ohi`a and other native trees. Uncommon; growing on pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen 8 cm Bd; 2.5 m. tall; caespitose branches. Ground-rooted, full sun. Bark gray-brown, thickly covered w/lichens Jacobi, J.D. 1151 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-08
55 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau Dist.; Kapapala Ahu. Tr 84(19/20); S slope of Mauna Loa w of Kipuka Pakekake, E of Kea Poomoku flow Dry koa-`ohi`a-mixed native trees community w/a mixed grass-native shrub understory. In large lava tube. Preserved_Specimen 8 cm diam. Stemmermann, R.L. 3832 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-12
56 Pittosporum terminalioides Uu Flats in Wahaula Heaiau In xeric forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 3.5 m. Gagné, W.C. 595 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-15
57 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau, near Great Crack, 1/2 mi W. of Hawaii National Park boundary Rare tree Preserved_Specimen Tree, 15 ft. tall; fr. orange at maturity. Fagerlund, G.O. 1059 Hawaii BISH 1945-04-29
58 Pittosporum terminalioides N. Kona Dist., Puuanahulu Ahu; Tr 43(32); 2 km E of Kipuka Kalawamauna & NW of Anahulu 2 benchmark 5220 Dry `ohi`a forest w/mixed native trees, a native shrub & mixed grass understory. growing on pahoehoe; no regeneration. Preserved_Specimen 9 cm bd, 4 m tall. Green frt; old flwrs, dry capsules. Warshauer, F.R. 1885 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-25
59 Pittosporum terminalioides Hawaii National Park; Pauahi Crater (west side) `Ohi`a forest. Preserved_Specimen 1 tree 20' high w/several main stems from 1 base 5' diam. Flwrs white, complete, bell-shaped. Many seedlings under tree, several scattered. Fagerlund, G.O. 719 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-06
60 Pittosporum terminalioides Kalapana boundary, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Dry forest-`a`a, associated with lama, alahee. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 ft. tall. Infl. a cyme, fls. light yellow. Immature fruit orange. Jacobi, J.D. 275 Hawaii BISH 1973-04-17
61 Pittosporum terminalioides Kapapala Ranch, along the ranch road which parallels highway, near 41 mile marker Scattered Metrosideros, Grevillea, and Schinus. Growing along ranch road. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10' tall, with 4 basal diameter, spread 6'. Many mature fruit present: seeds black, inside lining bright dark orange. Davis, J. 566 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-01
62 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau Desert, YCC campsite Kipuka w/Metrosideros, Andropogon. Preserved_Specimen Hoshida, H. 28 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-08
63 Pittosporum terminalioides Pohakuloa Training Area Assoc. w/Myoporum, Sophora, Styphelia & Dodonaea. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5223 Hawaii BISH 1977-01-12
64 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau Desert Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 386 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-02
65 Pittosporum terminalioides South Kohala District. Koaia Sanctuary Preserved_Specimen Planted tree, 10 ft. tall. Flowers white, fragrant. Kunitake, N. 302 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-01
66 Pittosporum terminalioides Hawaii National Park, Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Hawaii BISH 1939-04-01
67 Pittosporum terminalioides Paomai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 333 Lanai BISH 1914-04-18
68 Pittosporum terminalioides Hualalai, great central plain Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10075 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-01
69 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau; Hilo lava flow A`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13031 Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
70 Pittosporum terminalioides Outside front office of Hawaii Div. of Forestry, Hilo Preserved_Specimen Shrubby, small tree. Flowers white. Cuddihy, L.W. 98 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-07
71 Pittosporum terminalioides NE of parking area, Kipuka Puaulu, E of Pittosporum marker #14 Preserved_Specimen 4 m high tree, very vigorous, less than moderate fruiting, no flwrs; dbh 5.5 cm. Tag No.: 31-1-3. Keliipio, E.L. 519 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-01
72 Pittosporum terminalioides Northeast of Parking ARea - Kipuka Puaulu - east of Pittosporum marker #14 Preserved_Specimen Tree ht. 4 m. tall, good vigor, moderate fruiting, less than moderate flowering. DBH: 5.5 cm. Keliipio, E.L. 520 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-01
73 Pittosporum terminalioides Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 313 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-12
74 Pittosporum terminalioides Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Hind Jr., R. 8 Hawaii BISH 1957-02-25
75 Pittosporum terminalioides Kau Desert Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 386 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-02
76 Pittosporum terminalioides Koan; Kealapuali Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 274 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-29
77 Pittosporum terminalioides NE of parking area, Kipuka Puaulu, first tree from marker #14 Preserved_Specimen 2 m high tree, good vigor, heavy fruiting, no flwrs; dbh 3.5 cm. Tag No.: 31-1-1. Keliipio, E.L. 518 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-01
78 Pittosporum terminalioides Kanepuu Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 4 Lanai BISH 1927-05-28
79 Pittosporum terminalioides East Maui, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8669 Maui BISH 1910-11-01
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